2. Soil moisture content based automatic irrigation system

SYNOPSIS:

Aim: The aim of the project is to develop a such a system, which supplies the water to the field according to pre entered upper and lower limit of the environmental conditions. Here the system controls according to the entered  moisture limits.

Functional block diagram:

Functional Description:

          Here the upper and lower limits of the moisture can be entered through the matrix keyboard, and also the type of water supply like drop-by-drop or continuous. Once the parameters are entered they are stored in the permanent memory i.e. serial EEPROM 24c32.

         Then the system will convert the analog voltage to digital with the help of ADC 0809, and it will compare the present temperature with the upper limit, if it matches then it will switch ON the water valve to supply, and while supplying the water, it will be checking continuously the moisture, if the moisture falls bellow the entered lower limit, suddenly the controller switches off the valve to stop supply the water.

Hardware Required:

MC 89c51                                      

LCD                                              

KEYBoard                                   

EEPROM                                     

Relay & driver                             

ADC                                            

Semiconductors & others           

A.C. valve                                  

PCB’s                           

1. Auto Operated UNMANNED level crossing for RAILWAY network

.SYNOPSIS:

 

AUTO OPERATED UNMANNED LEVEL CROSSING FOR RAILWAY NETWORK:

OBJECTIVE:  

           The main objective of this project is to avoid accidents at railway crossing junctions.

INTRODUCTION:

            Now a days railway accidents are happening at the crossing junctions due to the negligence of the operator, to avoid this, this system is developed so that it detects the railway some prescribed distance away from the junctions and closes the crossing gates on its own and offers, the train is passed it reopen the gate.

  FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM: 

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION:

                     The system consists of two pair of IR Tx & Rx at some predefined distance away from the crossing junction and just next to the junction. As train passes through the sensors, the receiver produces a pulses and are detected by the microcontroller and the motor is driven to close the gate, and when the train is been passed completely and is detected by the second pair of sensors and the gate is reopened by driving the motor in other direction.

         

HARDWARE REQUIRED:

MC 89c51

Stepper motor

Stepper motor driver

IR Tx and Rx

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

Keil “ C” compiler for 8051.